La plupart des pays d'Europe mais aussi du reste du monde sont confrontés aux difficultés liées aux migrations internationales et à l'intégration des minorités. Il revient en premier lieu aux villes de concevoir et de mettre en oeuvre des politiques favorisant la cohésion communautaire et présentant la diversité culturelle comme un facteur de développement plutôt que comme une menace.
Ce guide est destiné aux responsables municipaux et aux praticiens qui souhaitent tirer profit du projet pilote des cités interculturelles, mené conjointement par le Conseil de l'Europe et la Commission européenne, pour le développement d'une approche interculturelle de la gestion de la diversité et de l'intégration. Cette approche repose sur l'expérience de dizaines de villes qui ont réorienté leurs politiques et réorganisé leur gouvernance pour garantir l'égalité des chances et faire de la diversité un avantage.
Cet ouvrage indique des étapes à franchir et des mesures à prendre pour contribuer à l'élaboration d'une stratégie interculturelle et assurer le suivi de sa mise en oeuvre. Il illustre les éléments d'une telle stratégie par des analyses, des suggestions et des exemples de pratiques de différentes villes européennes.
Une ville qui s'engage sur la voie des cités interculturelles doit être confiante et inventive pour éventuellement adapter les actions et concepts généraux décrits dans ce guide aux circonstances locales.
Voilà pourquoi ce guide n'est pas un manuel d'instructions mais plutôt un aide-mémoire qui assistera les villes au fur et à mesure qu'elles traceront leur propre trajectoire.
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We are at a point in history where economic inequalities are more widespread each day. The situation of extreme poverty experienced by the majority of the populations in developing countries ("Third World" countries) often coincides with an absence of democracy and the violation of the most fundamental rights. But in so-called "First World" countries a non-negligible proportion of inhabitants also live in impoverished conditions (albeit mainly "relative" poverty) and are denied their rights. The European situation, which this publication aims to analyse, is painful: the entire continent is afflicted by increasing poverty and consequently by the erosion of living conditions and social conflicts.The economic and financial crisis has resulted in the loss of millions of jobs, and created job insecurity for many still working. Economic insecurity raises social tensions, aggravating xenophobia, for instance. Yet the economic and financial crisis could present a good opportunity to rethink the economic and social system as a whole. Indeed, poverty in modern societies has never been purely a question of lack of wealth.It is therefore urgent today to devise a new discourse on poverty. In pursuit of this goal, the Council of Europe is following up this publication in the framework of the project "Human rights of people experiencing poverty", co-financed by the European Commission.
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The training programme for Roma mediators, launched in 2011, is unique in terms of the fundamental effects it produces, both in Europe at large and in the 47 member states of the Council of Europe.
This work sets out to contextualise the initiatives taken, highlight their utility and evaluate them. It is intended to provide guidance for the programme leaders, enable active participants - trainers, mediators, employers and others - to see their efforts as part of an overall scheme, help policy makers to take the right decisions and describe and explain the operation to a broader audience.
The programme's activities concerning Roma are a model for positive action. They make an effective contribution to European co-operation, action to combat discrimination and marginalisation and the search for ways to improve difficult situations. ROMED therefore helps to fuel the development of intercultural policies capable of managing present-day societies, of which diversity and pluralism are the hallmarks.
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Most countries in Europe and indeed around the world are facing the challenges of international migration and integration of minorities. It falls primarily upon cities to design and implement policies that foster community cohesion and turn cultural diversity into a factor of development rather than a threat.This guide is designed for city leaders and practitioners wishing to learn from the Intercultural Cities pilot project run by the Council of Europe and the European Commission in developing an intercultural approach to diversity management and integration. This approach has been built on the basis of experience in dozens of real-life cities in redesigning their policies and reshaping their governance to ensure equal opportunities and realise a diversity advantage.The guide recommends steps and measures to help develop an intercultural strategy and monitor its implementation. It illustrates the elements of such a strategy with analytical questions, suggestions and examples of practice in various European cities.It is expected that any city embarking on the Intercultural Cities agenda is a confident and competent entity that is able to creatively adapt the general concepts and actions contained in this guide to local circumstances.This guide is therefore not an instruction manual but rather an aide-memoire to support cities as they create their own trajectory.
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Ce livre de chevet explique la règle "on ne touche pas ici" aux enfants. Vous pouvez le lire à vos enfants pour leur apprendre la différence entre les gestes permis et ceux qui ne le sont pas. Si vous voulez en savoir davantage sur le sujet, vous pouvez consulter le site www.onnetouchepasici.org
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Ce rapport fait partie d'une série d'analyses internationales des politiques nationales de jeunesse menées par le Conseil de l'Europe, en collaboration et en consultation avec les agences gouvernementales et les ministères responsables du développement et de la mise en oeuvre de la politique de jeunesse, ainsi qu'avec les organisations non gouvernementales de jeunesse. Les analyses sont menées par une équipe internationale qui présente les forces de la politique de jeunesse du pays et, de façon constructive, les défis que ce pays doit relever dans ce domaine, en s'appuyant le cas échéant sur des preuves et des débats de portée internationale.
Le processus des analyses internationales a été introduit en vue de remplir trois fonctions distinctes :
- fournir des conseils sur les politiques nationales de jeunesse ;
- identifier les composantes dont la combinaison pourrait constituer l'approche d'une politique de jeunesse en Europe ;
- contribuer à un processus d'apprentissage lié au développement et à la mise en oeuvre d'une politique de jeunesse.
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This report analyses the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights in terms of the promotion of cultural diversity, as championed by the Council of Europe particularly through its "White Paper on Intercultural Dialogue" (2008). The Court's views on the governance principles and preconditions of intercultural dialogue - and particularly the case law on freedom of thought, conscience and religion, freedom of expression and freedom of association and assembly - provide guidelines for politicians, academics and practitioners alike.
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Political rhetoric on human rights in Europe is different from daily reality. Almost every politician is on record as favouring the protection of freedom and justice. Standards on human rights have been agreed at European and international level; many have been integrated into national law; but they are not consistently enforced. There is an implementation gap. It is this implementation gap that this book seeks to address. It is built on a compilation of separate "viewpoints" or articles which Thomas Hammarberg has written, and later updated, since beginning his mandate as Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights in April 2006. He has now visited almost all of the 47 member states of the Council of Europe. On each visit he has met victims of violations of human rights and their families, leading politicians, prosecutors, judges, ombudsmen, religious leaders, journalists and civil society representatives as well as inmates of prisons and other institutions, law enforcement personnel and others. The "viewpoints" written on the basis of these many visits summarise his reflections, conclusions and recommendations.
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Many people in Europe are stigmatised because of their sexual orientation or gender identity and cannot fully enjoy their universal human rights. Some of them are victims of violence, others have fled to Europe from countries where they risk being persecuted. Organisations representing lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) persons have been denied registration or banned from organising peaceful meetings in some states in Europe. Too few politicians have taken a firm stand against homophobic and transphobic expressions, discrimination and violence. This report presents the results of the largest socio-legal study ever carried out on discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation and gender identity in the 47 member states of the Council of Europe. Six thematic chapters give a broad overview of the human rights situation of LGBT persons and recommendations are provided for developing and implementing effective measures to address discrimination. The report is intended as a tool for dialogue with authorities and other stakeholders. It constitutes a baseline study for further action in both legislative and policy fields to ensure that all LGBT people can effectively exercise their human rights.
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Inequality limits young people's chances in life. Yet equality is the basis of democracy and Article 14 of the European Convention on Human Rights secures the rights and freedoms of the young "without discrimination on any ground". Research shows that inequality - in opportunities, wealth or health, for example - is widespread in Europe and that the citizens of richer countries do not necessarily have healthier profiles than those of poorer countries. The citizens of egalitarian countries, on the other hand, have the highest life expectancy. This book examines many aspects of inequality and opportunity for young people including schooling, employment, social exclusion, labour migration, trafficking, disability, cultural and religious discrimination, youth work, and opposition and resistance.
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La Recommandation CM/Rec(2012)11 sur le rôle du ministère public en dehors du système de justice pénale complète la Recommandation Rec(2000)19 sur le rôle du ministère public dans le système de justice pénale qui a été adoptée à l'automne 2000. Combinées, ces deux recommandations forment des normes européennes pour les activités du ministère public, avec un ensemble de principes définissant le statut, les attributions et la pratique du ministère public dans tous les domaines du droit dans un État démocratique moderne. Quelle que soit la nature de ses compétences - en droit pénal, civil, administratif ou autres - le ministère public doit s'en acquitter en respectant pleinement les principes de la prééminence du droit, des droits de l'homme et d'autres principes fondamentaux pour toute société démocratique.
La présente recommandation repose sur un certain nombre de sources ainsi que sur la pratique des ministères publics de nombreux États membres du Conseil de l'Europe qui ont des responsabilités étendues en dehors du système de justice pénale. Un rapport, élaboré en 2008 à la demande du Conseil consultatif de procureurs européens (CCPE) du Conseil de l'Europe, a d'ailleurs non seulement mis en exergue la diversité des systèmes juridiques dans les États membres mais a également montré que les ministères publics dans la plupart des 47 États membres du Conseil de l'Europe ont des responsabilités dépassant le système de justice pénale de leurs pays. Ces attributions sont fondées sur différentes branches du droit et visent à protéger l'intérêt public de même que les droits et intérêts légitimes des individus, en particulier ceux qui appartiennent aux groupes de populations socialement vulnérables.
Dans son ensemble, la recommandation représente un pas en avant dans le renforcement de la protection des droits de l'homme et des libertés fondamentales, puisque la façon dont le ministère public exerce son rôle, dans le système de justice pénale et en dehors, est cruciale pour la protection de ces droits et libertés.
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L'intégration linguistique des migrants est transversale et touche tous les aspects liés à l'installation dans un nouveau pays (emploi, santé...). Ce recueil propose aux États membres des modalités spécifiques d'action pour l'accueil linguistique des migrants adultes. L'accent est mis sur l'organisation des formations en langues qui doivent répondre aux besoins réels de communication des migrants. Celles-ci ne sauraient être envisagées du seul point de vue technique, mais doivent être mises en oeuvre conformément aux valeurs fondamentales du Conseil de l'Europe.
Un ensemble de problématiques liées à l'intégration linguistique des migrants adultes est présenté, à commencer par la notion d'intégration linguistique elle-même. Les questions du regroupement familial, de la nature de la citoyenneté, ou de la fonction des tests de langues sont notamment abordées du point de vue des langues et de leurs usages. Une réflexion est également menée sur la nature des compétences en langues à faire acquérir ou sur les emplois appropriés du Cadre européen commun de référence pour les langues. Pour finir, cet ouvrage propose des instruments et des démarches destinés à assurer véritablement la mise en oeuvre de politiques de qualité.
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En ce début de XXIe siècle, la pauvreté et les inégalités affectent un nombre croissant de personnes sur le continent européen. Ces phénomènes fragilisent non seulement la cohésion sociale des sociétés européennes mais voient les droits humains, aussi bien les droits sociaux que civils et politiques, et questionnent le fonctionnement de la démocratie. En effet, comment les personnes en situation de pauvreté peuvent-elles faire entendre leurs voix dans des sociétés polarisées, où plus de 40% du patrimoine et 25% des revenus sont détenus par 10% de la population ?
Ce guide est le fruit de deux années de travail collectif mené dans le cadre du projet « Les droits humains des personnes en situation de pauvreté ». Il a été préparé avec le concours de nombreuses personnes et organisations, dont des personnes en situation de pauvreté, des chercheurs, des associations et des représentants des autorités politiques. Outre qu'il offre une étude critique de la situation actuelle, en analysant les inégalités et la pauvreté par le prisme des droits humains, de la démocratie et des politiques de redistribution, ce guide invite également le lecteur à explorer les pistes d'une stratégie renouvelée de lutte contre la pauvreté permettant de rétablir les sens de la justice sociale. Il avance des propositions qui visent à dépasser la stigmatisation et la catégorisation, en ouvrant des voies d'apprentissage pour bâtir des biens communs par le partage, en évitant le gaspillage et en renforçant dans la conscience publique le principe de respect de la dignité humaine en tant que droit de tous.
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The recent austerity measures currently adopted in numerous European countries assume that a rise in public debt should automatically result in cuts to social programmes and the privatisation of "inefficiently" managed resources. This type of reasoning is being used to justify the destruction of social rights of citizens for the profit of the private sector, resulting in more limited access to the most fundamental resources such as water, nature, housing, culture, knowledge and information, mainly for the most vulnerable members of society. Such a view, informed solely by short-term growth and profit cycles, is endangering access to those resources not only for current generations but for future ones as well.
This book is an attempt to go beyond liberal approaches to intergenerational and distributive justice. It emphasises the role of commons and communities of the commons, driven by the desire to defend and perpetuate those fundamental resources under the threat of expropriation by the state and the market.
This book also offers policy makers and citizens, who wish to accept their political responsibility by being active and refusing corporate ideology, some best practices as well as methods and solutions for renewing the configurations of societal relationships through commons, thereby integrating the interests of future generations in the European Community's decision-making processes and institutions.
This is a contribution by the Council of Europe and the International University College of Turin to the protection of the dignity of every person, especially of those who, even though unable to enjoy existing social rights, have the right to benefit from choices and policies that ensure that human life remains unspoiled.
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Since 2008, the European Union-Council of Europe youth partnership has regularly organised debates and discussions on the history of youth work policy and practice in various countries in Europe, in co-operation with its partners. The results have been published in three volumes of the Youth Knowledge Series. Volume 4 of the History of youth work in Europe, edited by Marti Taru, Filip Coussée and Howard Williamson, covers the 2011 workshop in Tallinn, which was co-organised by the European Union-Council of Europe youth partnership and the Estonian authorities with the support of Finnish and Flemish partners, and sums up the discussions in the previous three volumes.
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In 1998, the Council of Europe and the European Commission decided to take common action in the field of youth. Both institutions initiated a partnership agreement with the aim "to promote active European citizenship and civil society by giving impetus to the training of youth leaders and youth workers working within a European dimension".
In 2003, additional agreements were signed in the fields of "youth research" and "Euro-Mediterranean youth co-operation". Since 2005, the partnership between the European Commission and the Council of Europe in the field of youth activities has focused on the following topics: European citizenship, human rights education and intercultural dialogue, quality and recognition of youth work and training, better understanding and knowledge of youth and youth policy development.
The partnership between the European Commission and the Council of Europe in the field of youth brings together the two institutions' experience in non-formal education, youth policy, youth research and youth work practice. Activities organised within its framework gather representatives of those areas who share their knowledge and experience for the benefit of enhancing evidence-based policy, practice, quality and recognition of youth work and training.
Results and other material are made available on the partnership website (http://youth-partnership-eu.coe.int) and in various publications, including the Training Kits (T-Kits).
T-Kits are thematic publications written by experienced youth trainers and experts and constitute easy-to-use handbooks for educational activities.
All activities and publications enhance the exchange of experience and good practice between the actors involved and contribute to the implementation of the political objectives of both partner institutions.
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This report is part of a series of international reviews of national youth policies carried out by the Council of Europe in collaboration and consultation with government agencies and ministries responsible for the development and implementation of youth policy, as well as with non-governmental youth organisations. The reviews are carried out by an international team which outlines the strengths and challenges of the countries' youth policies in a constructive manner, drawing where appropriate upon broader international evidence and debate.
The international review process was established to fulfil three distinct objectives:
- to advise on national youth policy;
- to identify components which might combine to form an approach to youth policy across Europe;
- to contribute to a learning process in relation to the development and implementation of youth policy.
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Ukraine is the 19th country overall, and the third of the Commonwealth of independent States (following Armenia and Moldova) to have its youth policy reviewed by the Council of Europe's international review team. Ukraine presented a range of new challenges: it was by far the largest country geographically and it embodied geo-political characteristics (from North to South, and East to West) that are reflected in its philosophy and approach to youth policy development.
This international review explores three issues of particular interest to the Ukrainian authorities: health and healthy lifestyles, employment and employability, and patriotic education and citizenship, in addition, the international review pays special attention to questions of youth participation and engagement, and to those groups of "vulnerable" young people who are at most risk of social exclusion.
The review argues for the establishment of a more open development model for youth policy in Ukraine, supported by a clear strategic vision and the strengthening of its commitment to local capacity and autonomy in shaping relevant programmes and projects, in particular, it also advocates the promotion of more diverse methodologies in the implementation of youth policy, based on non-formal learning and skills-development principles.
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Les mesures d'austérité, récemment adoptées par de nombreux pays européens, s'appuient sur le principe qu'une augmentation de la dette publique devrait automatiquement se traduire par la réduction des programmes sociaux et la privatisation des ressources inefficacement gérées. Ce type de raisonnement est invoqué pour justifier la destruction des droits sociaux des citoyens au profit du secteur privé, entraînant notamment pour les membres les plus vulnérables de la société un accès limité aux ressources fondamentales telles que l'eau, la nature, le logement, la culture, le savoir et l'information. Une telle conception de la prospérité, fondée exclusivement sur des cycles de croissance et de profit à court terme, menace l'accès à ces ressources pour les générations actuelles comme pour les générations futures.
Cet ouvrage va au-delà des approches libérales de la justice intergénérationnelle et distributive. Il met l'accent sur les biens communs et ses communautés de gestion mues par la volonté de défendre et de produire les ressources essentielles à leur existence sous la menace de l'expropriation par l'Etat et le marché.
Cette étude propose également aux décideurs et aux citoyens qui assument leurs responsabilités politiques en passant à l'action et en refusant l'idéologie de l'entreprise quelques bonnes pratiques, méthodes et solutions pour renouveler les configurations des relations sociales par la mutualisation des biens, en intégrant ainsi les intérêts des générations futures dans les institutions et processus décisionnels de la Communauté européenne.
Il s'agit de la contribution du Conseil de l'Europe et du Collège universitaire international de Turin à la protection de la dignité de chacun, en particulier en faveur de ceux qui, même s'ils ne sont pas à même d'exercer leurs droits sociaux, ont le droit de bénéficier de choix et de politiques permettant de préserver la vie humaine.
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The linguistic integration of migrants affects every aspect of settling in a new country (employment, health, etc.). The aim of this collection of texts is to propose a number of specific measures member states can take to help adult migrants become acquainted with the language of the host country. The main focus is on organising language courses that meet migrants' real communication needs. It is not enough for authorities simply to consider the technical aspects of such courses, they should also design and conduct them in accordance with the fundamental values of the Council of Europe.
A number of issues concerning the linguistic integration of adult migrants are presented here, beginning with the notion of linguistic integration itself. Family reunion, the nature of citizenship and the function of language tests, among others, are dealt with from the point of view of language and language use. Readers are invited to reflect on the type of language competences that need to be acquired as well as an appropriate use of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. The collection also sets out approaches and instruments designed to assist in implementing effective policies.
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Identifying effective approaches to creating coherent policies regarding licit and illicit drugs has been the priority of the Pompidou Group during its 2010-14 work programme. Over the years, research has evolved in this field as demonstrated in the group's publications: From a policy on illegal drugs to a policy on psychoactive substances in 2008 and Towards an integrated policy on psychoactive substances: a theoretical and empirical analysis in 2010, and then Reflections on the concept of coherency for a policy on psychoactive substances and beyond in 2012.
This last publication attempted to put into perspective the salient points of what may be termed a coherent policy on psychoactive substances. It proposed six indicators, around which the concept of coherency was developed: conceptualisation, policy context, legislative and regulatory frameworks, strategic frameworks, responses/interventions and structures and resources.
The initial target for the use of these six indicators is that all drugs policies should be in line with the concept of "well-being". At the very least, they should not contradict each other and at best they should be in harmony. On this basis, in 2013 and 2014, researchers refined these indicators and tested them in their countries, namely Croatia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Norway and Portugal to verify whether they provided a valid tool to measure the effectiveness and efficiency of a coherent policy on psychoactive substances.
The results appear in this publication and indicate that such markers may be indeed used as a basis for discussion on the issue of coherence and in some cases as a means to better implement coherent policies in respect to psychoactive substances, and also possibly policies that address other forms of addictive behaviour.
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L'expansion d'internet a engendré une croissance exponentielle des possibilités de s'exprimer, mais elle a aussi multiplié les dangers qui menacent la liberté d'expression. Du Printemps arabe au mouvement mondial Occupy, la liberté d'expression sur internet a une profonde incidence sur des débats décisifs pour notre avenir. Parallèlement, les États sont de plus en plus nombreux à recourir à internet pour espionner des journalistes et des citoyens journalistes, poursuivre et emprisonner des blogueurs, et exercer une censure en ligne.
Cet ouvrage répond à des questions essentielles concernant la portée et les limites de la liberté d'expression en ligne. Il cherche à porter un éclairage sur un paysage souvent obscur : qu'avons-nous le droit de dire en ligne ? Comment sont protégés nos idées et le processus de diffusion et de réception des informations ?
Il expose le large éventail des droits protégés par la liberté d'expression, dont la liberté des médias et le droit d'accéder à des informations par le biais d'internet. Il souligne aussi l'importance des initiatives d'organisations internationales et non gouvernementales visant à définir des règles, et à assurer leur suivi et leur promotion. Un chapitre consacré aux pratiques nationales rapporte les réactions de différents pays confrontés à la difficulté d'assurer la liberté d'expression pour tous à l'ère d'internet. Alors que la Toile occupe de plus en plus de place dans notre quotidien, ce livre est une ressource précieuse pour comprendre les droits et les obligations de chaque acteur d'internet : États, entreprises et société civile.
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The right to free elections is one of the most difficult rights to define: while it is an objective and essential principle in any democratic society, it is also a fundamental personal right on which every citizen can rely. It is an individual right, but it is meaningful only as part of a collective process. That same right, in conjunction with the right to vote and the right to stand for election, needs to be practised in a democratic way which also brings into play many other rights and freedoms, before, during and after the election itself. It is also one of the most highly valued rights at the Council of Europe because it helps to promote the "true democracy" which underpins the Organisation, alongside the rule of law and the honouring of fundamental freedoms.
This book examines the main Council of Europe legal texts and sources on this topic: conventions, resolutions, recommendations and guidelines, without forgetting the abundant case law of the European Court of Human Rights.
It is a work for legal practitioners, students and, more generally, anyone interested in how Europe and democracy go hand in hand.
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In 1987, the Santiago de Compostela Declaration laid the foundations for the first Council of Europe Cultural Route, highlighting the importance of our rich, colourful and diverse European identities. Today, the Council of Europe Enlarged Partial Agreement (EPA) on Cultural Routes oversees 29 routes connecting culture and heritage across Europe.
Cultural Routes are powerful tools for promoting and preserving these shared and diverse cultural identities. They are a model for grass-roots cultural co-operation, providing important lessons about identity and citizenship through a participative experience of culture. From the European Route of Megalithic Culture with its monuments built as long as 6 000 years ago, to the ATRIUM route of Architecture of Totalitarian Regimes, the routes contain elements of our past which help us to understand the present and to approach the future with confidence.
The Cultural Routes also stimulate thematic cultural tourism in lesserknown parts of the continent, helping to develop economic and social stability in Europe.
This first ever step-by-step guide to the design and management of Council of Europe Cultural Routes will be an essential reference for route managers, project developers, students and researchers in cultural tourism and related subjects. It addresses aspects ranging from the Council of Europe's conventions to co-creation, fund-raising and governance, and it explores a Cultural Route model that has evolved into an exemplary system for sustainable, transnational co-operation and that has proved to be a successful road map for socio-economic development, cultural heritage promotion and intergenerational communication.
The Council of Europe EPA on Cultural Routes is the result of our successful co-operation with the Luxembourg Ministry of Culture and the European Union. Increasingly, other organisations, such as the United Nations World Tourism Organization, are joining this project.
This handbook was funded by the third European Commission/Council of Europe Joint Programme on Cultural Routes.
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